Do I need to use anchovies in this recipe?
Anchovies add umami and savory depth without making the dish taste fishy—they dissolve into the oil. You can omit them, but the sauce will be less complex.
How thin should I slice the garlic?
Slice garlic thinly so it cooks evenly and infuses the oil without burning. Thicker slices stay al dente; very thin slices risk browning too fast.
What's the best way to keep the pasta from clumping?
Reserve 1/2 cup pasta water before draining. Toss the hot drained pasta with the garlic-oil mixture, adding pasta water a splash at a time until you reach a silky, loose consistency.
Can I make this ahead?
Aglio e olio is best served immediately while the oil is warm and the pasta is hot. You can prep the garlic and anchovies ahead, but cook and toss just before serving.
How do I prevent the garlic from burning?
Use medium heat and stir constantly. Once the garlic turns pale golden and fragrant (2–3 minutes), immediately add the red pepper flakes, then toss in the cooked pasta to stop the cooking.