Can I use boneless chicken breasts instead of bone-in?
Yes, use 1.5–2 lbs boneless breasts and reduce cooking time by 10–15 minutes. Bone-in breasts add more collagen and flavor to the broth, so simmer for 25–30 minutes.
How do I prepare and cook the Parmigiano-Reggiano rind?
Add the whole rind to the pot with the stock and let it simmer for the duration of cooking; it softens and releases umami. Remove before serving or break into pieces to eat.
Can I make this soup ahead of time?
Yes. Cool and refrigerate up to 3 days. Add the pasta fresh when reheating to avoid mushiness, or store it separately and combine just before serving.
What type of kale works best?
Lacinato (Tuscan) kale is traditional and tender; curly kale works too but requires an extra minute or two to soften. Strip leaves from the tough center stem.
Can I substitute the pasta shape?
Yes, small shapes like ditalini, elbow, or small penne work well. Avoid long pasta like spaghetti, which breaks apart in soup.